What it is
A sutureless amniotic membrane device is made from amniotic membrane, the thin inner layer of the placenta's tissue, that has been collected, processed and preserved. Instead of being stitched in place, it is positioned on the eye with a support, such as a ring, or with another non-stitch method, depending on the design.
Different products are built differently. Some are fresh-frozen, some are dried, and some are mounted on a ring or carrier. Processing varies by manufacturer, and most processed amniotic tissue contains no living stem cells by the time it reaches the patient, so these are not stem-cell treatments.
Regulatory status matters. Some amniotic membrane devices are regulated as human tissue products, which is a different pathway from FDA drug approval, and many are not FDA-approved drugs. Amniotic-derived eye drops and serums are a separate category, and most are also not FDA-approved as drugs. Autologous serum tears, made from a person's own blood, are pharmacy-compounded and are likewise not an FDA-approved drug.
How it’s traditionally been approached
Amniotic membrane has been used in eye care for a long time, usually as a biological covering over the ocular surface. Traditionally, surgeons often secured it with sutures or tissue glue in an operating setting.
Sutureless designs were developed so the tissue can be placed in an office or procedure-room setting, often without stitches. How and where a given device is used depends on the product, the eye doctor and the person's situation.
Eye care professionals have considered amniotic tissue for various ocular surface concerns, including some that overlap with dry eye. Whether a device fits any particular situation is a decision for a licensed clinician after an examination. Other approaches, such as lubricating drops, lifestyle adjustments and in-office care, are also part of the broader picture.
How the right eye doctor may help
The right eye doctor, often one who focuses on the cornea or ocular surface, may begin by listening to your symptoms and history, then examining the front of your eye. They may explain what they see and discuss a range of options, which might or might not include an amniotic membrane device.
If a device is something your provider considers, they can describe what the visit may involve, what you might feel, and what follow-up could look like. Every person and every eye is different, so no outcome can be promised.
Questions you might bring: Which specific product would be used, and where does the tissue come from? How is it processed? What is its FDA or other regulatory status? What are the possible risks and alternatives? What is the total cost, including visits and follow-up, and is any of it covered by my insurance? You are welcome to ask for a second opinion.
The whole-person view
Eye discomfort rarely stays only in the eyes. Ongoing irritation, blurry vision or light sensitivity can affect sleep, focus and mood, and stress and tension can in turn make the body feel more sensitive. Body, mind and daily stress influence one another.
Some people find that body-based support, such as the approaches listed through Somatic Experiences, helps them feel more settled while they manage a long-term condition. Others prefer talk therapy, which you can explore through Therapists.plus. These are complementary options for whole-person well-being, not replacements for eye care, and no approach is better than another for everyone.
Keep in mind
- Only a licensed eye doctor can decide whether any amniotic membrane device is appropriate, after an in-person evaluation.
- Sutureless amniotic membrane devices, amniotic drops and serums, and autologous serum tears each have different regulatory status. Ask your provider about the specific product, its source, processing and total cost.
- Serious eye symptoms, such as sudden vision loss, severe pain, or a chemical or physical injury to the eye, need prompt professional care. For emergencies call 911, and if you are in crisis call or text 988.
- This page is educational only and does not offer diagnosis, treatment plans or promises of results.
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Frequently asked questions
What is a sutureless amniotic membrane device?
A sutureless amniotic membrane device is a piece of processed amniotic tissue placed on the eye's surface without stitches, usually held in place by a ring or similar support. Designs and processing differ by product. A licensed eye doctor can explain whether one might be considered in your case.
Is a sutureless amniotic membrane device FDA-approved?
It depends on the product. Some amniotic membrane devices are regulated as human tissue products, which is a different pathway from FDA drug approval. Ask your provider how the specific product is regulated.
Can it help with dry eye treatment?
Possibly, but it is not a promise. Eye doctors have considered amniotic tissue for certain ocular surface concerns, and some of these overlap with dry eye. Whether it fits your dry eye treatment depends on an examination by a licensed clinician.
Does it contain stem cells?
No, it should not be thought of as a stem-cell treatment. Most processed amniotic tissue contains no living stem cells by the time it is used. Ask your provider about how a specific product is processed.
How is it different from amniotic eye drops or autologous serum tears?
A sutureless device is a tissue covering placed on the eye, while drops and serums are liquids. Most amniotic-derived drops are not FDA-approved as drugs. Autologous serum tears are compounded by a pharmacy from your own blood and are also not an FDA-approved drug.
What should I ask my eye doctor before using one?
Ask about the specific product, where the tissue comes from, how it is processed and its regulatory status. Also ask about risks, alternatives, follow-up and the total cost, including whether insurance may cover any of it. A licensed eye doctor's evaluation should come first.
Educational resource. Placenta-Derived Eye Serum shares general information and connects people with independent eye doctors. It is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Talk with a licensed professional about your health.